What Are The Treatments For Psoriatic Arthritis?
Psoriatic arthritis is a condition that affects both the skin and the joints, causing symptoms like joint pain, swelling, and stiffness. But fear not because various treatments are available to help manage these symptoms and improve your quality of life.
In this article, we will explore the different treatment options for psoriatic arthritis, ranging from medications to physical therapies, so that you can understand and discuss with your healthcare provider which approach may be best for you. Living with psoriatic arthritis doesn’t have to mean living in pain – let’s explore the treatment options that can help you find relief and regain control over your life.
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic condition that can cause joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and symptoms of psoriasis. Thankfully, various treatments are available to manage this condition and improve your quality of life. Here, we will discuss the different treatment options for psoriatic arthritis, ranging from topical treatments to surgery, lifestyle changes, and complementary medicine.
Topical Treatments
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat psoriatic arthritis. These medications can help reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve joint function. They come in different forms, including creams, ointments, and gels, which can be applied directly to the affected joints. Corticosteroids can provide temporary relief and are often combined with other treatment modalities.
Calcipotriene
Calcipotriene is a synthetic vitamin D form that effectively manages psoriasis symptoms. When applied topically, it can slow down the growth of skin cells, reduce inflammation, and alleviate itching. Calcipotriene is available as a cream or ointment and can be combined with other topical treatments.
Anthralin
Anthralin is another topical medication that can be used to treat psoriatic arthritis. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. Anthralin is available as a cream and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as it can cause skin irritation.
Coal tar
Coal tar is a well-known treatment for psoriasis and can also be beneficial for psoriatic arthritis. It helps to reduce inflammation, itching, and scaling of the skin. Coal tar is available in various forms, such as creams, ointments, and shampoos, and can be applied directly to the affected areas. It is important to note that coal tar can stain clothing and bedding, so caution should be exercised when using this treatment.
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is a keratolytic medication that helps to remove scales and normalize the skin cells’ shedding process. It can be used with other topical treatments to improve their effectiveness. Salicylic acid is available in different forms, including creams, gels, and shampoos.
Systemic Medications
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs, are among the most commonly used medications for managing psoriatic arthritis. They help reduce pain, inflammation, and stiffness in the joints. Depending on the severity of your symptoms, NSAIDs can be purchased over the counter or prescribed by a healthcare professional.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or DMARDs, are a class of medications that can slow down the progression of psoriatic arthritis and protect the joints from further damage. These medications work by suppressing the immune system’s response that causes inflammation. Methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide are DMARDs commonly used to treat psoriatic arthritis.
Biologics
Biologic medications are a newer class specifically targeting specific molecules in the immune system responsible for inflammation. They have shown promising results in managing psoriatic arthritis and can significantly relieve symptoms. Biologics are usually administered through injection or intravenous infusion and require close monitoring by a healthcare professional.
Immunosuppressants
As the name suggests, immunosuppressants suppress the immune system to reduce joint inflammation. These medications are typically prescribed for individuals with severe psoriatic arthritis who have not responded well to other treatment options. Examples of immunosuppressants used to treat psoriatic arthritis include cyclosporine and azathioprine.
Physical Therapy
Exercises
Physical therapy is crucial in managing psoriatic arthritis by improving joint mobility, strength, and flexibility. Your physical therapist can develop a tailored exercise program that includes a range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, and aerobic activities to help you maintain optimal joint function. Regular exercise can also help manage weight, reduce pain, and improve overall well-being.
Joint protection techniques
When you have psoriatic arthritis, it’s essential to protect your joints to prevent further damage. Joint protection techniques involve modifying your daily activities and using assistive devices to minimize joint stress. Your physical therapist can teach you proper body mechanics and provide advice on performing tasks in a joint-friendly manner.
Heat and cold therapy
Heat and cold therapy can provide relief from joint pain and stiffness. Applying a heating pad or warm compress to the affected joints can help relax the muscles and increase blood flow, reducing pain and stiffness. On the other hand, cold therapy, such as ice packs or cold compresses, can help numb the area and reduce inflammation. Alternating between heat and cold therapy can be an effective way to manage psoriatic arthritis symptoms.
Surgery
Synovectomy
In cases where psoriatic arthritis causes severe joint damage and inflammation, a synovectomy may be recommended. During this surgical procedure, the inflamed synovium, the lining of the affected joint, is removed. Removing the synovium can reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve joint function.
Tendon repair
Psoriatic arthritis can also affect the tendons and joints. When tendons become inflamed or damaged, tendon repair surgery may be necessary. This surgical procedure involves repairing or reconstructing the damaged tendons, allowing for improved joint mobility and function.
Joint fusion
Joint fusion, also known as arthrodesis, is another surgical option for managing psoriatic arthritis. In this procedure, the damaged joint surfaces are surgically fused, eliminating joint motion. Although this procedure may result in a loss of flexibility, it can help alleviate pain and stabilize the affected joint.
Total joint replacement
In severe cases of psoriatic arthritis where joint damage is extensive and conservative treatments have not provided sufficient relief, total joint replacement may be considered. This surgical procedure involves replacing the damaged joint with a prosthesis. Joint replacement surgery can significantly improve joint function, reduce pain, and improve overall quality of life.
Lifestyle Changes
Healthy diet
Maintaining a healthy diet is essential for overall well-being and can help manage psoriatic arthritis. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help support your immune system and reduce inflammation. It is also beneficial to limit processed foods, sugary snacks, and alcohol, as these can potentially exacerbate symptoms.
Weight management
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for individuals with psoriatic arthritis, as excess weight can place additional stress on the joints. Losing weight, if necessary, can help reduce joint pain and improve joint function. A combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise can assist in achieving and maintaining a healthy weight.
Stress reduction
Stress can negatively impact physical and mental health, potentially triggering psoriatic arthritis flare-ups. Finding healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing relaxation techniques, engaging in hobbies, and seeking support from loved ones, can help reduce stress levels and promote overall well-being.
Smoking cessation
Smoking has been linked to an increased risk and severity of psoriatic arthritis. Quitting smoking can have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation and improving circulation. If you need assistance in quitting smoking, reach out to your healthcare provider for guidance and support.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an ancient practice that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. Some studies suggest that acupuncture may help reduce pain and improve joint function in individuals with psoriatic arthritis. It is essential to seek a qualified acupuncturist with experience in treating arthritis-related conditions.
Massage therapy
Massage therapy can relieve psoriatic arthritis by reducing muscle tension, improving blood circulation, and promoting relaxation. Massage therapists trained in working with arthritis clients can tailor the treatment to focus on the affected joints and surrounding muscles.
Herbal supplements
Some herbal supplements, such as turmeric, ginger, and fish oil, have shown potential benefits in reducing inflammation and improving joint symptoms in individuals with psoriatic arthritis. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any herbal supplements, as they may interact with other medications or have potential side effects.
Mind-body practices
Mind-body practices like yoga and meditation can help reduce stress, improve flexibility, and promote overall well-being. As part of their treatment plan, these practices can benefit individuals with psoriatic arthritis. I suggest working with an experienced instructor who can modify the exercises to accommodate your needs.
Pain Management
Analgesics
Analgesics, also known as pain relievers, can be used to manage joint pain in individuals with psoriatic arthritis. Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen can provide temporary relief, while more potent prescription analgesics may be necessary for more severe pain. You’ll need to consult a healthcare professional to determine the best pain management strategy for your needs.
Topical pain relievers
Topical pain relievers, such as creams or gels containing menthol or capsaicin, can be applied directly to the skin over the affected joints. These products can relieve temporary pain by numbing the area or reducing pain signals. Please follow the instructions and avoid applying these products to broken or irritated skin.
Corticosteroid injections
In cases of particularly severe joint inflammation, corticosteroid injections may be recommended. These injections deliver potent anti-inflammatory medication directly into the affected joint, providing fast and targeted relief. Corticosteroid injections can offer significant pain relief, but due to potential side effects, their use is typically limited to a few times per year.
Managing Psoriasis
Topical treatments
The topical treatments discussed previously, such as corticosteroids, calcipotriene, anthralin, coal tar, and salicylic acid, can also effectively manage psoriasis symptoms. These treatments help reduce inflammation, relieve itchiness, and slow down the growth of skin cells, providing relief from psoriasis-related skin issues.
Systemic medications
Some systemic medications, such as DMARDs and biologics, can also effectively manage psoriasis. These medications target the underlying immune system dysfunction that leads to psoriasis and can help improve skin symptoms.
Phototherapy
Phototherapy, or light therapy, involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light. This treatment modality can slow down the production of skin cells and reduce inflammation in psoriasis lesions. Phototherapy can be administered under medical supervision through natural sunlight or in controlled settings with specialized light devices.
Preventing Joint Damage and Flare-ups
Early diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing psoriatic arthritis to prevent joint damage and worsening of symptoms. If you experience persistent joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, seeking medical attention for a proper diagnosis and starting treatment as soon as possible is essential.
Regular check-ups
Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring your condition and adjusting your treatment plan. These appointments allow your healthcare provider to assess your progress, monitor any potential side effects of medications, and make any necessary adjustments to ensure optimal management of your psoriatic arthritis.
Avoiding triggers
Identifying and avoiding triggers that worsen your psoriatic arthritis symptoms can help prevent flare-ups and further joint damage. Common triggers may include stress, certain foods, environmental factors, or specific activities. Keeping a journal to track your symptoms and potential triggers can help identify patterns and make necessary adjustments to your lifestyle.
Supportive Therapies
Occupational therapy
Occupational therapy can be valuable in helping individuals with psoriatic arthritis adapt to daily activities and improve their overall quality of life. An occupational therapist can provide strategies to conserve energy, recommend home or work environment modifications, and suggest assistive devices to make daily tasks more accessible and less stressful on your joints.
Speech therapy (if needed)
In some cases, psoriatic arthritis can affect the jaw joint, leading to difficulties with speech or swallowing. If you experience these symptoms, a speech therapist can work with you to improve jaw mobility, strengthen muscles, and develop speech and swallowing exercises tailored to your needs.
Assistive devices
Assistive devices can help individuals with psoriatic arthritis manage daily activities and reduce joint stress. These devices can range from simple aids, such as jar openers and reachers, to more complex ones, such as splints or braces. Working with an occupational therapist can help determine which assistive devices most benefit your needs.
Psoriatic arthritis can be effectively managed through treatments, lifestyle changes, and supportive therapies. The wide range of treatment options available allows for personalized approaches to suit individual needs.
Please remember to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best treatment plan for your psoriatic arthritis and ensure the best possible outcomes. With the proper treatment and support, you can effectively manage your symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.
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