Psoriasis, a chronic skin condition that affects millions worldwide, can be incredibly frustrating and uncomfortable. If you’re someone who suffers from this condition, you might have wondered about the best ointment to alleviate the symptoms and promote healing. With a multitude of options available on the market, it can be overwhelming and confusing to determine which one is truly the best. In this article, we will explore different ointments for psoriasis, their efficacy, and factors to consider when making a choice, ultimately helping you find the most suitable solution for your unique needs.
Topical corticosteroids
Mechanism of action
Topical corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of psoriasis due to their ability to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response. These medications work by binding to specific receptors in the cells, inhibiting the production of inflammatory substances and decreasing the activity of immune cells that contribute to psoriasis symptoms.
Types of topical corticosteroids
There are several types of topical corticosteroids available, ranging from low potency to high potency. The choice of strength depends on the severity and location of the psoriasis. Low potency corticosteroids are usually suitable for mild or sensitive areas, while higher potency ones may be necessary for more severe or resistant cases. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate type and strength for your specific needs.
Effectiveness
Topical corticosteroids have been shown to effectively reduce inflammation and alleviate psoriasis symptoms. They can help to relieve itching, redness, and scaling associated with the condition. However, it is important to note that while these medications can provide symptomatic relief, they do not provide a cure for psoriasis. Long-term use of topical corticosteroids may result in reduced effectiveness, so it is recommended to use them intermittently and as directed by your healthcare provider.
Side effects
While topical corticosteroids are generally safe and well-tolerated when used as directed, they may cause some side effects. These can include skin thinning, stinging or burning sensation, increased blood vessel visibility, stretch marks, and skin discoloration. In rare cases, they may also lead to systemic side effects if large amounts are absorbed through the skin. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of use to minimize the risk of side effects and to consult with your healthcare provider if any concerns arise.
Application tips
To maximize the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids, it is important to follow proper application techniques. Begin by gently cleaning and drying the affected area. Apply a thin layer of the medication and gently rub it in until absorbed. Avoid covering the treated area with tight-fitting clothing or bandages, unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. It is also important to apply the medication only to the areas affected by psoriasis, and not on healthy or unaffected skin. Follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the medication’s packaging for the recommended frequency and duration of application.
Salicylic acid
How salicylic acid works
Salicylic acid is a keratolytic agent that works by softening and loosening the outer layer of the skin, promoting the shedding of dead skin cells. In psoriasis, the buildup of thick, scaly skin is a common symptom, and salicylic acid helps to remove this layer of dead skin, allowing for a smoother and healthier skin appearance.
Effectiveness
Salicylic acid has been found to be effective in reducing the thickness and scaling associated with psoriasis. It can help to relieve itching and facilitate the absorption of other medications, such as topical corticosteroids, into the skin. However, it is important to note that salicylic acid is primarily used as an adjunct therapy and may not provide significant improvement as a stand-alone treatment for more severe forms of psoriasis.
Side effects
Salicylic acid is generally well-tolerated when used as directed, but it can cause some side effects. These can include skin irritation, redness, and a stinging or burning sensation. In rare cases, it may also cause allergic reactions. It is important to use salicylic acid products as directed and to avoid applying it on broken or inflamed skin to minimize the risk of side effects. If any adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult with a healthcare professional.
Application tips
When using salicylic acid, it is important to follow the application instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning the affected area and drying it thoroughly. Apply a thin layer of the salicylic acid product to the affected skin, gently massaging it in until absorbed. Avoid applying it to healthy or unaffected skin. It is also important to protect treated areas from excessive sun exposure, as salicylic acid can increase sensitivity to sunlight. Additionally, it is recommended to avoid using salicylic acid on large areas of the body or for prolonged periods without consulting with a healthcare professional.
Coal tar
Mechanism of action
Coal tar is derived from coal and has been used for many years in the treatment of psoriasis. It works by slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood but it is believed that coal tar inhibits the DNA synthesis of skin cells, leading to a decrease in the production of abnormal skin cells in psoriasis.
Effectiveness
Coal tar has been found to be effective in reducing the scaling, itching, and inflammation associated with psoriasis. It can help to normalize the rapid skin cell growth and decrease the thickness of plaques. However, the odor and staining properties of coal tar may be off-putting for some individuals, and it may not be suitable for use on hairy areas or the face.
Side effects
Coal tar is generally safe to use when used as directed, but it may cause some side effects. These can include skin irritation, dryness, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. The odor and staining of coal tar may also be a concern for some individuals. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions and to avoid excessive sun exposure while using coal tar products.
Application tips
When using coal tar products, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning the affected area and drying it thoroughly. Apply the coal tar product to the affected skin, gently massaging it in until absorbed. It is recommended to avoid washing the treated areas immediately after application to allow the coal tar to have maximum contact with the skin. Additionally, protect treated areas from excessive sun exposure and use caution when applying coal tar to avoid staining clothing or other fabrics.
Vitamin D analogues
How vitamin D analogues work
Vitamin D analogues are synthetic forms of vitamin D that mimic the actions of natural vitamin D in the body. They work by regulating the growth and development of skin cells, reducing their abnormal overgrowth in psoriasis. Vitamin D analogues also have anti-inflammatory properties, helping to alleviate redness and scaling associated with the condition.
Effectiveness
Vitamin D analogues have been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in mild to moderate cases. They can help to normalize the growth and turnover of skin cells, leading to a reduction in plaques and scaling. However, they may not be as effective in severe or resistant cases of psoriasis.
Side effects
Vitamin D analogues are generally safe to use when used as directed, but they may cause some side effects. These can include skin irritation, redness, and itching. In rare cases, excessive vitamin D analogues absorption through the skin may lead to elevated calcium levels in the body, called hypercalcemia. It is important to follow the recommended usage instructions and to consult with a healthcare professional if any concerns arise.
Application tips
When using vitamin D analogues, it is important to follow the application instructions provided with the specific product. Typically, a thin layer of the medication is applied to the affected areas once or twice daily. It is important to avoid applying more than the recommended amount and to avoid using the medication on broken or irritated skin. After application, wash your hands thoroughly unless the treated area includes the hands. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is recommended to monitor effectiveness and address any potential side effects.
Anthralin
Mechanism of action
Anthralin, also known as dithranol, is a topical medication that has been used for many years in the treatment of psoriasis. Its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by normalizing the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. Anthralin is thought to inhibit the DNA synthesis of abnormal skin cells, leading to a decrease in their production.
Effectiveness
Anthralin has been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in cases where other treatments have failed. It can help to decrease the thickness and scaling of plaques, as well as relieve itching and redness. However, anthralin may not be suitable for use on sensitive areas or in individuals with certain skin conditions.
Side effects
Anthralin is generally well-tolerated when used as directed, but it may cause some side effects. These can include skin irritation, redness, and a burning sensation. It can also stain the skin and clothing, so it is important to use caution during application. In rare cases, anthralin may cause an allergic reaction or trigger flare-ups of psoriasis. If any adverse reactions occur, it is recommended to discontinue use and consult with a healthcare professional.
Application tips
When using anthralin, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning the affected area and drying it thoroughly. Apply a thin layer of the anthralin cream or ointment to the affected skin, avoiding contact with healthy or unaffected skin. The duration of application may vary depending on the specific product, so it is important to consult with a healthcare professional or follow the instructions provided. It is also recommended to protect clothing and other fabrics from staining by using gloves during application and covering the treated area with plastic wrap or clothing.
Calcineurin inhibitors
How calcineurin inhibitors work
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, work by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. These medications inhibit the activity of calcineurin, a protein that plays a role in the activation of immune cells. By inhibiting calcineurin, calcineurin inhibitors help to regulate the immune response and reduce the inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Effectiveness
Calcineurin inhibitors have been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in sensitive areas such as the face, genitals, and skin folds, where the use of other medications may be challenging. They can help to alleviate redness, itching, and scaling, and are often used as a second-line treatment for psoriasis.
Side effects
Calcineurin inhibitors are generally safe to use when used as directed, but they may cause some side effects. These can include skin burning, stinging, or itching at the site of application. In rare cases, they may also cause skin thinning or increased vulnerability to infections. Long-term use of calcineurin inhibitors may also increase the risk of certain types of skin cancers. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using calcineurin inhibitors, especially in individuals with a history of skin cancer or other skin conditions.
Application tips
When using calcineurin inhibitors, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning and drying the affected area. Apply a thin layer of the medication to the affected skin, gently rubbing it in until absorbed. Avoid using excessive amounts and do not cover the treated area with tight-fitting clothing or bandages, unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. It is also important to avoid prolonged sun exposure and to use sun protection measures, as calcineurin inhibitors can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
Moisturizers
Role of moisturizers in psoriasis treatment
While moisturizers alone may not be sufficient to treat psoriasis, they play a vital role in managing and preventing dryness and irritation associated with the condition. Proper hydration of the skin can help to reduce itching, flaking, and redness, and improve overall comfort. Moisturizers also act as a protective barrier, preventing external irritants from exacerbating psoriasis symptoms.
Effectiveness
Moisturizers have been found to be effective in managing the dryness and discomfort associated with psoriasis. They can help to improve the skin’s hydration, reduce scaling, and promote healing. Regular and consistent use of moisturizers can provide ongoing relief and help to maintain the skin’s integrity.
Choosing the right moisturizer
When selecting a moisturizer for psoriasis, it is important to choose one that is specifically formulated for dry and sensitive skin. Look for moisturizers that are fragrance-free, hypoallergenic, and non-comedogenic. Ingredients such as ceramides, glycerin, shea butter, and petrolatum can help to restore the skin’s moisture barrier and provide long-lasting hydration. It is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist to determine the most suitable moisturizer for your specific needs.
Application tips
To maximize the benefits of moisturizers, it is important to apply them correctly. Begin by gently cleaning the affected area and patting it dry. Apply the moisturizer generously to the skin, gently massaging it in until absorbed. Pay special attention to areas prone to dryness, such as elbows, knees, and scalp. It is recommended to apply moisturizers immediately after bathing or showering, as this helps to lock in moisture. Regular and frequent application throughout the day, especially in dry or cold environments, can provide optimal relief.
Retinoids
How retinoids work
Retinoids are a class of medications derived from vitamin A that are used in the treatment of various skin conditions, including psoriasis. They work by normalizing the growth and differentiation of skin cells, reducing inflammation, and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells. Retinoids also have the ability to enhance the penetration of other medications, such as topical corticosteroids, into the skin.
Effectiveness
Retinoids have been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in cases where other treatments have failed. They can help to decrease the thickening and scaling of plaques, as well as relieve itching and redness. Retinoids are often used as a second-line treatment for psoriasis and may be prescribed for short-term or intermittent use.
Side effects
Retinoids may cause some side effects, although they are generally well-tolerated when used as directed. These can include skin irritation, dryness, redness, and peeling. The use of retinoids can also increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, so it is important to use sun protection measures and avoid excessive sun exposure. Retinoids should be used with caution in individuals with sensitive skin or a history of skin conditions, and it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before use.
Application tips
When using retinoids, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning the affected area and drying it thoroughly. Apply a thin layer of the retinoid medication to the skin, gently massaging it in until absorbed. It is recommended to start with a lower concentration and gradually increase the strength if tolerated well. Retinoids should be applied once daily, preferably in the evening, to minimize potential irritation. If excessive irritation or discomfort occurs, it is important to discontinue use and consult with a healthcare professional.
Pimecrolimus
Mechanism of action
Pimecrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that works by modulating the immune response and reducing inflammation. It specifically inhibits the activity of calcineurin, a protein involved in the activation of immune cells. By inhibiting calcineurin, pimecrolimus helps to regulate the immune response and decrease inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Effectiveness
Pimecrolimus has been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in sensitive areas such as the face and skin folds. It can help to alleviate redness, itching, and scaling, and is often used as a second-line treatment when other therapies are not suitable or effective.
Side effects
Pimecrolimus is generally well-tolerated when used as directed, but it may cause some side effects. These can include skin burning, stinging, or itching at the site of application. In rare cases, it may also cause skin thinning or increased vulnerability to infections. Long-term use of pimecrolimus may also increase the risk of certain types of skin cancers. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using pimecrolimus, especially in individuals with a history of skin cancer or other skin conditions.
Application tips
When using pimecrolimus, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning and drying the affected area. Apply a thin layer of the medication to the affected skin, gently rubbing it in until absorbed. Avoid using excessive amounts and do not cover the treated area with tight-fitting clothing or bandages, unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. It is also important to avoid prolonged sun exposure and to use sun protection measures, as pimecrolimus can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
Tacrolimus
How tacrolimus works
Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that works by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation. It specifically inhibits the activity of calcineurin, a protein involved in the activation of immune cells. By inhibiting calcineurin, tacrolimus helps to regulate the immune response and decrease inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Effectiveness
Tacrolimus has been found to be effective in reducing the symptoms of psoriasis, particularly in sensitive areas such as the face, genitals, and skin folds. It can help to alleviate redness, itching, and scaling, and is often used as a second-line treatment when other therapies are not suitable or effective.
Side effects
Tacrolimus is generally well-tolerated when used as directed, but it may cause some side effects. These can include skin burning, stinging, or itching at the site of application. In rare cases, it may also cause skin thinning or increased vulnerability to infections. Long-term use of tacrolimus may also increase the risk of certain types of skin cancers. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using tacrolimus, especially in individuals with a history of skin cancer or other skin conditions.
Application tips
When using tacrolimus, it is important to carefully follow the instructions provided with the specific product. Begin by cleaning and drying the affected area. Apply a thin layer of the medication to the affected skin, gently rubbing it in until absorbed. Avoid using excessive amounts and do not cover the treated area with tight-fitting clothing or bandages, unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. It is also important to avoid prolonged sun exposure and to use sun protection measures, as tacrolimus can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
By considering the various treatment options available, it is possible to find the best ointment for managing the symptoms of psoriasis. Topical corticosteroids, salicylic acid, coal tar, vitamin D analogues, anthralin, calcineurin inhibitors, moisturizers, retinoids, pimecrolimus, and tacrolimus are all potential treatments that may be effective in providing relief from itching, scaling, and inflammation associated with psoriasis. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable option based on the severity and location of the psoriasis, as well as any individual factors that may influence treatment. Additionally, it is essential to follow application tips and use these ointments as directed to maximize their effectiveness and minimize the risk of side effects. With proper management and consistent use, it is possible to find relief and improve the quality of life for individuals living with psoriasis.